Post-Translational Modifications in Progression of Ovarian and Prostate Cancer
Keywords:
Post translational modifications, Ovarian Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Histones, Phosphorylation, SUMOylation, Acetylation, Glycosylation, Methylation, UbiquitinationAbstract
While the main primary structure of a protein is regulated by genetic codes whereas its functionality is mostly controlled by a dynamic transaction in which the functioning of multiple enzymes which are involved in post-translational modifications (PTM). These PTMs acts as crucial mechanism for regulating proteins providing a diversity of cellular activities. Proteins present in proteome could be modified after it has been translated or while it is being translated. The cells usually employ diverse repertory to co-ordinate their responses to regulate transcription and protein localization after external stimuli and to also maintain proteo-stasis. This article comprehends on a salient topic of post-translational changes that have been shown to induce prostate and ovarian cancer. A complete list of single and proteome-wide protein PTMs and their activity in cancer progression is detailed here. The evidence for tumor occurrence is being identifiable by proteome-wide (PTM) analysis is reviewed in this work. Proteome investigations in ovarian and prostate cancer reveals alterations in glycosylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, SUMOylation and lipidation as well as the enzymes involved are termed as ‘crucial modifiers’ that controls the activation, deactivation, or subcellular localization of signaling proteins, allowing signaling to be initiated, amplified, and transduced more efficiently. Alterations usually result in wide involvement in DNA damage response causing carcinogenesis, proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis of cancer cells. Due to their driving roles in ovarian as well as prostate cancers, PTMs are intensively researched to enhance the treatments of cancer.
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