Multilingual perspective of English language teaching
Keywords:
Multilingualism, Mother tongue, curriculum, cultural diversity, pedagogyAbstract
India is a country with diverse cultures and many languages, so it does not suitable for monolingual methods. Some languages have their own alphabets, others do not. In such a difficult situation, Indian students must receive proper edification in their natal language and need to acquire the target language, here English proficiency that is the need of an hour. The Indian education system has undergone voluminous changes. Multilingualism in English classes has become the order of the day. Students with different cultural backgrounds and different native languages should teach English using their native language to familiarize students with English. It's time for teachers to get creative and explore ways to make teaching and learning in the bilingual/multilingual English classroom interesting and effective. This paper reflects the obstacles of teaching English in multilingual classrooms, the benefits of multilingualism, and innovative ways to integrate English into multilingual classrooms for more effective teaching.
Downloads
References
Bachman, LF (1990). Fundamental considerations in language testing Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bialystok. E. (2001). Bilingualism in development: Language, literacy, and cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bimmel, P. E., van den Bergh, H., & Oostdam, R. J. (2001). Effects of strategy training on reading Comprehension in a first and foreign language. European Journal of Psychology of Education 16(4), 509-529.
Ryram, M. (Ed.). (2004). Routledge encyclopedia of language teaching and learning. London and New York: Routledge.
Carrell, P. L. Pharis, B. G., & Liberto, J. C. (1989) Metacognitive strategy training for ESL reading, TESOL Quarterly, 23, 647-678.
Cook, G. (2010). Translation in language teaching: An argument for reassessment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dreyer, C., & Nel. C. (2003). Teaching reading strategies and reading comprehension within a technology-enhanced learning environment. System, 31, 349-365.
Grahe, W. (2009). Reading in a second language: Moving from theory to practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Gunderson, L. (2009) ESL (ELL) literacy instruction: A guidebook to theory and practice (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Jimenez, R. T., Garcia, G. E., & Pearson, D. P. (1996). the reading strategies of bilingual Latin/o students who are successful English readers: Opportunities and obstacles. Reading Research Quarterly, 31(1), 90-112.
Jose, K. (2000). Reading strategies used by adult ESL learners: Implications for strategy training (M. Phil. Thesis). Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages. Hyderabad.
Kaw, M. (2006). Questioning and cognitive processing: A study of question-answering in the L2 reading classroom (M. Phil. Thesis). Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages. Hyderabad.
Kern. R. G. (1989). Second language reading strategy instruction: Its effects comprehension and word inference ability. The Modern Language Journal, 73(2), 135- 149.
Kitajima, R. (1997). Referential strategy training for second language reading comprehension of Japanese texts. Foreign Language Annals, 30(1), 84-97.
Koda, K. (2005). Insights into second language reading: A cross-linguistic approach. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Macaro, E. (2001). Learning strategies in foreign and second language classrooms. London: Continuum. M. Pathak.112
Mathew, R., & Kunnan. A. J. (2006). Achievement testing to proficiency testing: Myth or reality? FORTELL Newsletter, 9. 6-11.
McKay, P. (2006). Assessing young language learners. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mohanty, A. K. (1994). Bilingualism in a multilingual society: Psycho-social and pedagogical implications. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages.
Nag, S. & Sircar, S. (2008). Learning to read in Bengali: Report of a survey in five Kolkata primary schools. Bangalore: The Promise Foundation.
Path. N. & Bhaag, C. (2002). An integrated text cum work-book for Class IV. Guwahati: The Assam State Textbook Production and Publication Corporation Limited.
Prabhu. N. S. (1987). Second language pedagogy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rajasekhar, G. (2006). The effect of strategy instruction on teaching ESL reading (M.Phil. Thesis). Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages. Hyderabad.
Raymond, T. M. (1993). The effects of structure strategy training on the recall of expository prose for university students reading French as a second Language. The Modern Language Journal 77. 445-458.
Rubin, J., Chamot, A. U., Harris, V., & Anderson, N. J. (2007). Intervening in the use of strategies.
In A. D. Cohen & E. Macaro (Eds.). Language learner strategies: Thirty years of research and practice (pp. 141-160). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
SCERT (2002). Natun Path (Chaturtha Bhaag) [An integrated text cum workbook for Class IV
Guwahati: The Assam State Textbook Production and Publication Corporation Limited.
Tharu, J. (1981). Measuring small gains in the context of language instruction. Paper presented at National Seminar on Aspects of Evaluation and Testing in Language Education. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages.
Upton, T. A., & Lee-Thompson, L. C. (2001). The role of the first language in second language reading. Studies in Second Language Acquisition. 23(4), 469-495.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Multilingual Education in India: The Case for English.
Mahendra K. Mishra and Anand Mahanand Published by Viva Books, 2017References
Agnihotri, R. K. (2007). Towards a pedagogical paradigm rooted in multilinguality. International Multilingual Research Journal,1(2), 1-10.
Agnihotri, R. K., Khanna, A. L. & Sachdev, I. (1998).Introduction. In R. K. Agnihotri, A. L. Khanna,& I. Sachdev, Social psychological perspectives on second language learning (pp.10-30). New Delhi: Sage Publications.
Annamalai, E. (2001). Managing multilingualism in India: Political and linguistic manifestations. New Delhi: Sage Publications.
Pattanayak, D. P. (1981). Multilingualism and mother tongue education. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Prasad, N. K. (1979). The language issue in India. Delhi: Leela devi Publications.
Srivastava, A. K., Shekhar, R. & Jayaram, B. D. (1978).The language load. Mysore: Central Instituteof Indian Languages.
Wei, L. (2000). Dimensions of bilingualism. In L. Wei(Ed.), The bilingualism reader (pp. 3-25).
